What are the functions of different plant organs?

Plant organs, including roots, stems, and leaves, function in nutrient absorption, support, and photosynthesis respectively.

Roots are the part of the plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil. They have two main functions: anchoring the plant in the ground and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. The root system also stores food and nutrients for the plant. The root hairs increase the surface area for absorption. The roots also produce hormones that influence the growth and development of the plant.

Stems serve as the main support system for the plant, holding up the leaves, flowers, and fruits. They also act as the transport system, carrying water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant, and sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant. Stems can also store food and water, and in some plants, they can perform photosynthesis. The stem is divided into nodes, where leaves are attached, and internodes, the length of the stem between the nodes.

Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants. They contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to synthesise carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. This process is known as photosynthesis and it is how plants produce their own food. Leaves also play a role in the regulation of gas exchange. They have small openings called stomata which open and close to allow the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen.

Flowers are the reproductive organs of flowering plants. They are responsible for producing seeds. The flower is made up of several parts, including the stamen (male part which produces pollen) and the pistil (female part which contains the ovule). After pollination and fertilisation, the ovule develops into a seed and the flower may develop into a fruit, which protects the seed and aids in its dispersal.

In summary, each plant organ has a specific role to play in the survival and reproduction of the plant, from nutrient absorption and support to photosynthesis and reproduction.