How does palisade mesophyll contribute to photosynthesis?

The palisade mesophyll contributes to photosynthesis by absorbing a major portion of the light energy used by the leaf.

The palisade mesophyll is a layer of cells within the leaves of plants that plays a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis, which is how plants convert light energy into chemical energy. These cells are located just below the upper surface of the leaf, making them ideally positioned to absorb sunlight.

The cells of the palisade mesophyll are elongated and packed closely together. This structure allows for a large surface area that can absorb as much light as possible. The cells contain a high concentration of chloroplasts, the organelles where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that captures light energy.

When light strikes the leaf, it penetrates the upper layers and reaches the palisade mesophyll. Here, the light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts. This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water, which the plant absorbs from its environment, into glucose. Glucose is a type of sugar that plants use as a source of energy and as a building block for growth.

In addition to their role in photosynthesis, the cells of the palisade mesophyll also contribute to the regulation of gas exchange in the leaf. They are involved in the process of transpiration, where water vapour is lost from the leaf, helping to draw more water up from the roots. This movement of water also helps to transport nutrients around the plant.

In summary, the palisade mesophyll is a key component of the leaf's structure, contributing significantly to the plant's ability to perform photosynthesis and regulate its water and nutrient transport.