How do modern genetics support the theory of evolution?

Modern genetics supports the theory of evolution by providing evidence of common ancestry and genetic variation over time.

The theory of evolution, proposed by Charles Darwin, suggests that all species on Earth have evolved over time from common ancestors through a process called natural selection. Modern genetics has provided substantial evidence to support this theory.

One of the key ways genetics supports evolution is through the study of DNA. All living organisms share the same basic genetic material - DNA. The similarities in DNA sequences between different species can be used to determine how closely related they are. For example, humans share about 98% of their DNA with chimpanzees, indicating a recent common ancestor. This supports the theory of evolution by showing that species have evolved from common ancestors.

Another way genetics supports evolution is through the study of genetic variation. Genetic variation is the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a species. This variation is what allows natural selection to occur. Those with advantageous traits (which are determined by their genes) are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on these traits to their offspring. Over time, this leads to changes in the genetic makeup of a population, a process known as evolution.

Genetics also supports the theory of evolution through the study of mutations. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to new traits. If these traits are advantageous, they can become more common in a population over time, leading to evolution.

Finally, the field of comparative genomics, which compares the genomes of different species, provides further evidence for evolution. It has been found that species that are more closely related have more similar genomes, supporting the idea of common ancestry.

In conclusion, modern genetics provides a wealth of evidence supporting the theory of evolution, from demonstrating common ancestry to showing how genetic variation and mutations can lead to evolution.