How do hormones travel through the body?

Hormones travel through the body via the bloodstream after being released from glands in the endocrine system.

Hormones are chemical messengers produced by the endocrine system, a network of glands throughout the body. These glands include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. Each gland produces specific hormones that are released directly into the bloodstream, which acts as a transport system to carry these hormones to various parts of the body.

The process begins when a gland receives a signal to produce a hormone. This signal can come from the brain or from another hormone. Once the hormone is produced, it is released into the bloodstream. The bloodstream, being a circulatory system, carries the hormone throughout the body. However, hormones don't affect all cells. They only affect specific cells known as target cells. These target cells have unique receptors that match the shape of the hormone. When the hormone reaches a target cell, it binds to the receptor, much like a key fits into a lock. This binding triggers the cell to respond in a certain way, such as growing, dividing, or making proteins.

The speed at which hormones travel depends on how quickly the blood is circulating. Typically, it takes a few minutes for a hormone to go from the gland that released it to the target cells. However, the effects of hormones can last for a long time, from a few hours to several days. This is because hormones are not used up when they bind to their target cells. Instead, they are released back into the bloodstream and can continue to circulate until they are broken down by the liver or kidneys.

In summary, hormones travel through the body via the bloodstream, from the glands that produce them to the target cells that they affect. This process is a crucial part of how the body regulates its various functions, from growth and development to metabolism and mood.