What is the role of 'stranger anxiety' in attachment development?

Stranger anxiety plays a significant role in attachment development.

Stranger anxiety is a normal developmental phase that typically occurs around 8 months of age. It is the fear or wariness of unfamiliar people and is an important indicator of attachment development. The ability to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar individuals is crucial for an infant's safety and security.

According to Bowlby's attachment theory, infants develop an attachment to their primary caregiver through a process of social interaction and emotional communication. The caregiver provides a secure base from which the infant can explore the environment and return to for comfort and reassurance. Stranger anxiety is a sign that the infant has formed a specific attachment to their caregiver and recognises them as a source of safety and security.

The role of stranger anxiety in attachment development can be seen in the Strange Situation experiment. This study involves observing a child's reactions to a series of separations and reunions with their caregiver and a stranger. The results show that infants with a secure attachment to their caregiver exhibit mild stranger anxiety, while those with insecure attachments show either excessive fear or indifference to the stranger.

In conclusion, stranger anxiety is a normal and important part of attachment development. It indicates that the infant has formed a specific attachment to their caregiver and recognises them as a source of safety and security. The ability to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar individuals is crucial for an infant's safety and wellbeing.