What is meant by 'internal working model' in the context of attachment?

The internal working model refers to a mental representation of attachment formed in early childhood.

As infants, we form attachments to our primary caregivers, which influence our beliefs and expectations about relationships. These beliefs and expectations are stored in our minds as mental representations, known as internal working models.

Internal working models are formed through experiences with caregivers, such as their responsiveness and availability. For example, a child with a secure attachment style will have an internal working model that relationships are safe and dependable, while a child with an insecure attachment style may have an internal working model that relationships are unpredictable and unreliable.

These internal working models can influence our behaviour and attitudes in future relationships. For example, a person with a secure attachment style may be more likely to have healthy relationships, while a person with an insecure attachment style may struggle with trust and intimacy.

Internal working models are not fixed and can be modified through new experiences and relationships. Therapy can also help individuals to identify and change their internal working models, leading to more positive relationship outcomes.