What is a case study method in psychology? Give examples.

The case study method in psychology involves in-depth analysis of an individual, group or situation.

Case studies are a research method used to investigate complex phenomena within their natural context. They involve an in-depth analysis of an individual, group or situation, often using a variety of data sources such as interviews, observations and psychological tests. Case studies are particularly useful in exploring rare or unusual phenomena, and can provide rich, detailed data that can be used to develop theories or inform practice.

One example of a famous case study in psychology is that of Phineas Gage, a railway worker who suffered a traumatic brain injury in 1848. The case study of Gage was one of the first to link brain function and personality, as his injury resulted in significant changes to his behaviour and personality. Another example is the case of Little Albert, who was conditioned to fear a white rat by John Watson in 1920. This study provided important insights into the process of classical conditioning.

Case studies are also commonly used in clinical psychology to investigate the effectiveness of different therapies. For example, a case study may be used to explore the impact of cognitive behavioural therapy on depression or anxiety. By examining the experiences of an individual undergoing therapy, researchers can gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying psychological change.

Overall, the case study method in psychology provides a valuable tool for exploring complex phenomena and generating new theories or ideas.