What are the different types of OCD according to DSM-5?

The DSM-5 identifies four types of OCD: contamination and cleaning, harm obsessions with checking compulsions, symmetry, and hoarding.

Contamination and cleaning OCD involves an excessive fear of germs, dirt, or contamination, leading to compulsive cleaning or washing behaviours. Harm obsessions with checking compulsions involve intrusive thoughts about harming oneself or others, leading to compulsive checking behaviours. Symmetry OCD involves the need for perfect order and symmetry, leading to compulsive arranging or counting behaviours. Hoarding OCD involves the excessive collection and inability to discard items, leading to cluttered living spaces and difficulty functioning.

It is important to note that individuals with OCD may experience symptoms from multiple types, and symptoms may vary in severity and frequency. OCD is also often accompanied by other mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety.

Treatment for OCD typically involves a combination of medication and cognitive-behavioural therapy, including exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy. ERP involves gradually exposing the individual to their feared stimuli and preventing them from engaging in compulsive behaviours, leading to habituation and decreased anxiety over time.