How does the level of processing affect memory recall?

The level of processing affects memory recall by determining the depth of encoding.

Memory recall refers to the ability to retrieve stored information from memory. The level of processing theory suggests that the depth of processing affects the ability to recall information. Shallow processing involves processing information at a superficial level, such as its physical features, whereas deep processing involves processing information at a semantic level, such as its meaning and relevance.

Research has shown that deep processing leads to better memory recall than shallow processing. This is because deep processing involves elaboration, which involves relating new information to existing knowledge and creating meaningful connections. Elaboration increases the likelihood of encoding information into long-term memory, making it easier to retrieve later.

Another factor that affects memory recall is the type of processing. Semantic processing, which involves processing the meaning of information, leads to better memory recall than phonemic processing, which involves processing the sound of information. This is because semantic processing involves creating meaningful connections, whereas phonemic processing does not.

In conclusion, the level of processing affects memory recall by determining the depth of encoding. Deep processing leads to better memory recall than shallow processing because it involves elaboration and creating meaningful connections. Semantic processing also leads to better memory recall than phonemic processing because it involves processing the meaning of information.