How does the cognitive perspective explain psychopathology?

The cognitive perspective explains psychopathology as a result of faulty thinking patterns and cognitive processes.

According to the cognitive perspective, psychopathology arises from dysfunctional thought patterns and cognitive processes. These may include negative self-talk, cognitive biases, irrational beliefs, and distorted perceptions of reality. These faulty thinking patterns can lead to negative emotions, maladaptive behaviours, and psychological disorders.

For example, someone with depression may have a negative self-schema, which is a cognitive framework that shapes how they view themselves, others, and the world around them. This negative self-schema may lead to negative automatic thoughts, such as "I'm worthless" or "Nothing ever goes right for me." These thoughts can then lead to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and despair.

Similarly, someone with anxiety may have a cognitive bias towards interpreting ambiguous situations as threatening. This cognitive bias can lead to excessive worry, fear, and avoidance behaviours. Over time, these behaviours can become maladaptive and interfere with daily functioning.

Overall, the cognitive perspective highlights the importance of addressing faulty thinking patterns in the treatment of psychopathology. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is a common treatment approach that aims to help individuals identify and change their negative thought patterns and cognitive processes. By addressing these cognitive factors, individuals can learn to manage their emotions, behaviours, and symptoms more effectively.