How does biological theory account for gender development?

Biological theory suggests that gender development is influenced by genetics and hormones.

Biological theory proposes that gender development is influenced by both genetics and hormones. The sex chromosomes a person inherits at conception determine their biological sex. Females inherit two X chromosomes, while males inherit one X and one Y chromosome. The Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which triggers the development of testes and the production of testosterone and other androgens. These hormones masculinize the body and brain, influencing gender identity and behaviour.

Research has shown that prenatal exposure to hormones can affect gender development. For example, females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a condition that causes high levels of androgens, often exhibit more masculine-typical behaviour. Similarly, animal studies have demonstrated that manipulating hormone levels during critical periods of development can alter gender behaviour.

However, biological theory does not fully account for the complexity of gender development. It fails to explain the wide range of gender identities and expressions that exist beyond the binary of male and female. Additionally, social and cultural factors also play a significant role in shaping gender development. Therefore, it is important to consider multiple perspectives when studying gender.