Explain the importance of the 'sensitive period' in attachment theory.

The sensitive period is crucial in attachment theory as it is the optimal time for forming attachments.

During the sensitive period, which typically occurs in the first two years of life, infants are biologically primed to form attachments with their primary caregiver. This period is crucial as it is when the brain is most receptive to forming social bonds. Infants who do not form attachments during this time may struggle to form attachments later in life.

Attachment theorists, such as John Bowlby, suggest that the sensitive period is important for the development of a secure attachment style. A secure attachment style is characterised by a child who is able to explore their environment whilst feeling safe and secure in the knowledge that their caregiver is nearby. This style is thought to be important for the child's emotional development and future relationships.

Research has shown that the quality of the attachment formed during the sensitive period can have long-lasting effects on a child's development. Children who form secure attachments during this time tend to have better social skills, higher self-esteem and are more resilient to stress. Conversely, children who do not form secure attachments during this time may experience emotional and behavioural problems later in life.

In conclusion, the sensitive period is crucial in attachment theory as it is the optimal time for forming attachments. Infants who do not form attachments during this time may struggle to form attachments later in life, which can have long-lasting effects on their development and future relationships.