Discuss the influence of peers on gender development.

Peers play a significant role in shaping gender development through socialisation and gender identity formation.

During childhood, peers are a primary source of socialisation, and they may reinforce gender stereotypes and expectations. Children may learn gender roles through observation and imitation of their peers' behaviours. For example, boys may learn to be more aggressive or dominant, while girls may learn to be more nurturing or passive. This learning is influenced by cultural norms, which vary significantly across different societies, as explained in the discussion on cultural variations in behaviour.

As children grow older, they become more aware of gender identity and may seek out same-gender peers for socialisation and support. Peers can influence gender identity formation by providing role models and social comparison. Adolescents may conform to peer norms and expectations regarding gender expression and behaviour, which can influence their sense of self and gender identity. The expectations and norms can stem from established origins of stereotypes that perpetuate certain gender behaviours.

Peers may also shape gender development through their responses to gender non-conforming behaviour. Children who do not conform to traditional gender roles may face peer rejection or bullying, which can impact their self-esteem and gender identity. However, supportive peer relationships can provide a safe space for gender non-conforming individuals to express themselves and develop a positive sense of self. This interaction and its impact on development can be further understood through Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which emphasises the role of social interaction in cognitive development.

A-Level Psychology Tutor Summary: Peers significantly influence gender development by reinforcing gender stereotypes and roles through socialisation. Children often imitate their peers, learning gender-specific behaviours. As they grow, peers provide role models and support for gender identity formation. However, peer pressure can also challenge those who defy traditional roles, while supportive friends can help individuals embrace their gender identity confidently.