What is the difference between X-rays and gamma rays?

X-rays have a shorter wavelength and lower energy than gamma rays.

X-rays and gamma rays are both forms of electromagnetic radiation, but they differ in their wavelengths and energies. X-rays have wavelengths between 0.01 and 10 nanometers, while gamma rays have wavelengths less than 0.01 nanometers. This means that gamma rays have higher frequencies and energies than X-rays.

Gamma rays are produced by nuclear reactions, such as radioactive decay or nuclear fusion, while X-rays are produced by accelerating electrons. Gamma rays are also more penetrating than X-rays, meaning they can pass through thicker materials before being absorbed. This makes gamma rays useful in medical imaging, such as in PET scans, where they can be used to detect cancerous cells.

X-rays, on the other hand, are commonly used in medical imaging, such as in X-ray machines and CT scans, to visualize bones and soft tissues. They can also be used in industrial applications, such as in non-destructive testing of materials.

Both X-rays and gamma rays can be harmful to living organisms in high doses, as they can ionize atoms and damage DNA. However, they can also be used for beneficial purposes, such as in cancer treatment (radiation therapy) or sterilization of medical equipment.