What are the right-hand rule and the left-hand rule in electromagnetism?

The right-hand rule and the left-hand rule are used to determine the direction of magnetic fields and currents in electromagnetism.

The right-hand rule is used to determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire. If the right hand is wrapped around the wire with the thumb pointing in the direction of the current, the fingers will curl in the direction of the magnetic field. This rule can also be used to determine the direction of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.

The left-hand rule is used to determine the direction of the force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field. If the left hand is held out with the thumb pointing in the direction of the particle's velocity and the fingers pointing in the direction of the magnetic field, the palm will face in the direction of the force on the particle.

Both rules are important in understanding the behaviour of electromagnetism and are commonly used in calculations and experiments in physics. It is important to remember that the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the force on a charged particle are perpendicular to each other.