How is resonance related to the destruction of structures like bridges and buildings?

Resonance can cause destructive vibrations in structures, leading to collapse.

Resonance is a phenomenon where an object vibrates at its natural frequency when exposed to external forces. When a structure, such as a bridge or building, is subjected to external forces that match its natural frequency, resonance can occur, causing the structure to vibrate excessively. This can lead to the structure's destruction if the vibrations become too intense.

For example, in 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington collapsed due to resonance. The bridge was subjected to strong winds that matched its natural frequency, causing it to vibrate excessively. The vibrations became so intense that the bridge collapsed, killing one person.

To prevent resonance from occurring, engineers must design structures to have natural frequencies that are different from any external forces that may be present. This can be achieved by adding damping materials, such as rubber, to absorb the energy of the vibrations. Engineers can also design structures to be more rigid, which can increase their natural frequency and reduce the likelihood of resonance occurring.

In conclusion, resonance can be a destructive force that can lead to the collapse of structures such as bridges and buildings. Engineers must take into account the natural frequencies of structures and external forces when designing them to prevent resonance from occurring.