How does the amplitude of an alternating current relate to its RMS value?

The RMS value of an alternating current is related to its amplitude by a mathematical formula.

The RMS (Root Mean Square) value of an AC current is the equivalent DC current that would produce the same heating effect in a resistor. It is calculated by taking the square root of the mean of the squares of the instantaneous values of the current over one complete cycle.

The amplitude of an AC current is the maximum value of the current during one cycle. It is measured in amperes (A). The amplitude of an AC current is important because it determines the maximum voltage that can be applied to a device without causing damage.

The relationship between the amplitude and RMS value of an AC current is given by the formula: RMS value = amplitude / √2. This means that the RMS value of an AC current is always less than its amplitude. For example, if the amplitude of an AC current is 10 A, its RMS value would be approximately 7.07 A.

In summary, the amplitude of an AC current is the maximum value of the current during one cycle, while the RMS value is the equivalent DC current that would produce the same heating effect in a resistor. The RMS value is related to the amplitude by a mathematical formula, which is important for calculating the maximum voltage that can be applied to a device without causing damage.