How does a convex lens work?

A convex lens works by refracting light rays and converging them to a focal point.

Convex lenses are also known as converging lenses as they cause light rays to converge at a focal point. When light passes through a convex lens, it refracts or bends towards the normal, which is an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of the lens. The amount of refraction depends on the angle of incidence and the refractive index of the material of the lens.

The shape of a convex lens is such that it is thicker at the centre than at the edges. This shape causes the light rays to converge towards a focal point. The distance from the lens to the focal point is known as the focal length. The focal length of a convex lens is determined by the curvature of the lens and the refractive index of the material.

Convex lenses are used in a variety of optical instruments, including cameras, telescopes and microscopes. In a camera, the convex lens focuses the light rays onto the film or sensor, creating a clear image. In a telescope, the convex lens collects and focuses the light from distant objects, allowing us to see them more clearly. In a microscope, the convex lens magnifies the image of small objects, making them visible to the human eye.

In conclusion, a convex lens works by refracting light rays and converging them to a focal point. The shape of the lens causes the light rays to converge, and the focal length is determined by the curvature of the lens and the refractive index of the material. Convex lenses are used in a variety of optical instruments to create clear and magnified images.