How do Newton's laws apply to impulse and momentum?

Newton's laws apply to impulse and momentum through the conservation of momentum and the impulse-momentum theorem.

The conservation of momentum states that in a closed system, the total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision. This is based on Newton's third law, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This law applies to both linear and angular momentum.

The impulse-momentum theorem states that the change in momentum of an object is equal to the impulse applied to it. Impulse is the product of force and time, and can be calculated using the area under a force-time graph. This theorem is based on Newton's second law, which states that the force applied to an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.

In practical applications, these laws can be used to analyse collisions and determine the forces involved. For example, in a car crash, the conservation of momentum can be used to determine the speed and direction of the cars after the collision. The impulse-momentum theorem can be used to calculate the force applied to the passengers during the crash, which is important for designing safety features in cars.

Overall, Newton's laws provide a framework for understanding the behaviour of objects in motion, including their momentum and the forces that affect them.