How are the elements heavier than iron formed in a star?

Elements heavier than iron are formed in a star through the process of supernova nucleosynthesis.

When a star runs out of fuel, it undergoes a catastrophic explosion known as a supernova. During this explosion, the temperature and pressure inside the star become incredibly high, allowing for the fusion of heavier elements. This process is known as supernova nucleosynthesis.

During supernova nucleosynthesis, neutrons are rapidly added to atomic nuclei, causing them to become unstable and decay. This decay releases energy and creates new elements. The heaviest elements, such as gold and platinum, require a large number of neutrons to be added to the atomic nucleus, which can only occur during the intense conditions of a supernova.

The newly formed elements are then scattered into space, where they can eventually become part of a new star and its planets. This process of stellar nucleosynthesis is responsible for the creation of all elements heavier than helium in the universe.

In summary, elements heavier than iron are formed in a star through the process of supernova nucleosynthesis, which occurs during a catastrophic explosion known as a supernova. During this process, neutrons are rapidly added to atomic nuclei, creating new elements. These newly formed elements are then scattered into space, where they can become part of a new star and its planets.