Discuss the influence of Erasmus on the English Reformation.

Erasmus significantly influenced the English Reformation through his humanist ideas, biblical translations, and criticisms of the Catholic Church.

Desiderius Erasmus, a Dutch humanist and theologian, was a key figure in the Northern Renaissance. His ideas and works had a profound influence on the English Reformation, a period of significant religious change in England during the 16th century. Erasmus was a proponent of humanism, a movement that emphasised the value of human beings, their capacities and achievements. This humanist perspective was instrumental in shaping the intellectual climate that led to the Reformation.

Erasmus' humanist ideas were characterised by a focus on education and a return to original biblical texts. He believed that everyone should be able to read the Bible in their own language, which was a radical idea at a time when the Bible was only available in Latin, a language that the common people could not understand. His translation of the New Testament into Greek in 1516, and his subsequent Latin version, were groundbreaking. They provided the basis for Martin Luther's German translation and William Tyndale's English translation, both of which were pivotal in the Reformation.

Erasmus' criticisms of the Catholic Church also played a significant role in the English Reformation. In his satirical work, 'The Praise of Folly', he criticised the corruption and abuses within the Church, including the sale of indulgences, the moral laxity of the clergy, and the Church's focus on rituals rather than spirituality. These criticisms resonated with many in England, including key figures in the Reformation such as Martin Luther and Thomas More.

However, it is important to note that Erasmus himself did not support the Reformation. He was critical of the Catholic Church, but he also disapproved of the radical changes proposed by the Reformers. He believed in reforming the Church from within, rather than breaking away from it. Despite this, his ideas and works were co-opted by the Reformers and used to justify their actions.

In conclusion, Erasmus' influence on the English Reformation was significant. His humanist ideas, biblical translations, and criticisms of the Catholic Church helped to create an intellectual climate that was conducive to religious change. His works were used by key figures in the Reformation, and his ideas continue to be influential in discussions of religion and humanism today.