Discuss the causes of the Pilgrimage of Grace.

The Pilgrimage of Grace was primarily caused by religious changes, political dissatisfaction, and socio-economic grievances during Henry VIII's reign.

The Pilgrimage of Grace, which took place in 1536, was one of the most significant popular uprisings in England's history. It was a large-scale rebellion against the religious changes implemented by King Henry VIII, particularly the dissolution of the monasteries. The king's break with the Catholic Church and the establishment of the Church of England were seen as radical and unacceptable by many of his subjects, especially those in the North of England where the rebellion began. The dissolution of the monasteries was not just a religious issue, but also a social and economic one, as these institutions provided charity, education, and employment for many people.

Political dissatisfaction was another major cause of the Pilgrimage of Grace. The rebels were unhappy with the increasing power of the gentry and the perceived corruption and mismanagement of the government by Henry VIII's advisors, particularly Thomas Cromwell. The rebels demanded the removal of 'evil councillors' and the restoration of the 'old nobility'. They also called for the end of 'enclosures', a practice where common land was fenced off for private use, which was causing hardship for many rural communities.

Socio-economic grievances also played a significant role in the rebellion. The 16th century was a time of economic change and uncertainty, with rising prices and changes in land ownership causing hardship for many people. The dissolution of the monasteries had a significant impact on local economies, as they were often the largest landowners and employers in their areas. The loss of their charitable work also hit the poor hard. The rebels demanded the restoration of the monasteries and the return of the lands and goods taken from them.

In conclusion, the Pilgrimage of Grace was a complex event with multiple causes. It was a reaction to the religious changes implemented by Henry VIII, but it was also a protest against political corruption and socio-economic hardship. The rebellion was ultimately unsuccessful, but it highlighted the deep divisions and tensions in English society at the time.