What are the different types of network cabling?

The different types of network cabling include Ethernet cables, Coaxial cables, Fibre optic cables, and Patch cables.

Ethernet cables, also known as Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, and Cat8, are the most common type of network cabling. They are used to connect devices within a local area network (LAN), such as computers, routers, and switches. These cables are categorised based on their performance levels and the maximum frequency they can support. For instance, Cat5e supports frequencies up to 100 MHz and speeds up to 1 Gbps, while Cat6a supports frequencies up to 500 MHz and speeds up to 10 Gbps.

Coaxial cables, often referred to as coax, are a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. They are commonly used for connecting televisions to aerials or satellite dishes, and in some cases, for computer networks. Coaxial cables are known for their ability to preserve a signal's strength over long distances, making them ideal for use in television broadcasts.

Fibre optic cables use light to transmit data at high speeds and over long distances. They consist of one or more optical fibres, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves. Fibre optic cables are less susceptible to interference and can carry a signal much further than traditional copper cables, making them a popular choice for wide area networks (WANs) and high-speed internet connections.

Patch cables are used for short distances in server rooms and for connecting computers to wall outlets. They are typically Cat5e or Cat6 Ethernet cables, but can also be fibre optic cables. Patch cables are often used to connect a device to a network switch or hub in a wired network setup.

Each type of network cabling has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of which to use depends on the specific requirements of the network, such as the distance the signal needs to travel, the environment in which the cable will be installed, and the budget available for network infrastructure.