Define the term "modularity" in programming.

Modularity in programming refers to the design technique of breaking down a program into separate, independent parts or modules.

Modularity is a fundamental concept in software design and development. It involves dividing a complex system into smaller, manageable parts, known as modules. Each module is a self-contained unit that performs a specific function within the overall system. These modules can be developed, tested, and debugged independently, which makes the development process more efficient and manageable.

The concept of modularity is based on the principle of separation of concerns, which states that each module should be responsible for a specific aspect of the software's functionality. This separation allows developers to focus on one part of the system at a time, without needing to understand the entire system. It also makes it easier to identify and fix bugs, as they are likely to be confined to a specific module.

Modularity also promotes reusability, as modules can be designed in a way that allows them to be used in different parts of the system, or even in different systems. This can significantly reduce development time and effort, as developers can reuse existing modules instead of writing new code from scratch.

Furthermore, modularity enhances the maintainability and scalability of software. As the system grows, new modules can be added without affecting the existing ones. Similarly, if a module needs to be updated or replaced, this can be done without impacting the rest of the system. This flexibility makes modular systems easier to maintain and adapt to changing requirements.

In summary, modularity is a key principle in programming that helps manage complexity, improve efficiency, and enhance the flexibility of software systems. It is a fundamental aspect of good software design and is widely used in modern software development practices.