Provide an example of the properties of different types of carbon allotropes.

Graphene is a carbon allotrope with high electrical conductivity and strength.

Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon, consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. It is known for its high electrical conductivity, which makes it useful in electronic devices. Graphene is also incredibly strong, with a tensile strength of 130 gigapascals, making it stronger than steel. Its high surface area and ability to absorb light make it useful in applications such as solar cells and water filtration.

Diamond is another carbon allotrope, known for its hardness and optical properties. It is made up of carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral lattice, with each carbon atom bonded to four others. This structure gives diamond its hardness, as the bonds between the carbon atoms are incredibly strong. Diamond is also transparent, with a high refractive index, making it useful in jewellery and optical devices.

Fullerenes are a third type of carbon allotrope, consisting of carbon atoms arranged in a spherical or cylindrical shape. They were first discovered in 1985 and have since been used in a variety of applications, including drug delivery and lubricants. Fullerenes have unique properties due to their shape and size, such as their ability to act as antioxidants and their ability to form stable complexes with metals.

In conclusion, different types of carbon allotropes have unique properties that make them useful in a variety of applications. Graphene is known for its high electrical conductivity and strength, diamond for its hardness and optical properties, and fullerenes for their unique shape and size. Understanding the properties of these allotropes is important for developing new technologies and materials.