Provide an example of an aldehyde and a ketone.

An example of an aldehyde is formaldehyde, and an example of a ketone is acetone.

Aldehydes and ketones are both types of organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group, which is a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is located at the end of a carbon chain, while in ketones, it is located in the middle of a carbon chain.

Formaldehyde is a simple aldehyde that is commonly used in industry as a disinfectant and preservative. It is also a byproduct of combustion and is found in cigarette smoke and car exhaust. Formaldehyde is highly reactive and can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as respiratory problems.

Acetone is a common ketone that is used as a solvent in many industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and plastics. It is also found in nail polish remover and paint thinner. Acetone is highly flammable and can cause skin irritation and respiratory problems if not handled properly.

Both aldehydes and ketones are important in biological processes. For example, glucose, a type of sugar, is an aldehyde that is used by cells for energy. Ketones are produced by the liver during periods of fasting or low carbohydrate intake and can be used by the body as an alternative source of energy. However, high levels of ketones in the blood can be a sign of a serious medical condition called diabetic ketoacidosis.