Describe the differences between weak and strong acids and bases.

Weak acids and bases only partially dissociate in water, while strong acids and bases fully dissociate.

When an acid or base is dissolved in water, it can either fully or partially dissociate, meaning it breaks apart into ions. Strong acids and bases fully dissociate, meaning they completely break apart into ions in water. This results in a high concentration of hydrogen ions for strong acids and hydroxide ions for strong bases.

On the other hand, weak acids and bases only partially dissociate, meaning only a small fraction of the molecules break apart into ions. This results in a lower concentration of hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

The strength of an acid or base is determined by its ability to donate or accept protons. Strong acids and bases have a high affinity for protons, while weak acids and bases have a lower affinity.

Examples of strong acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), while examples of weak acids include acetic acid (CH3COOH) and carbonic acid (H2CO3). Examples of strong bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), while examples of weak bases include ammonia (NH3) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-).

Overall, the differences between weak and strong acids and bases lie in their ability to dissociate in water and their affinity for protons. Understanding these differences is important in many areas of biology, including biochemistry and physiology.