Describe the differences between the Pauling and Mulliken electronegativity.

The Pauling electronegativity is based on bond energies, while the Mulliken electronegativity is based on ionization energies.

The Pauling electronegativity is named after Linus Pauling, who developed the concept in 1932. It is based on the idea that the electronegativity of an atom is related to the energy required to break a bond between that atom and another atom. The greater the energy required, the more electronegative the atom is considered to be. Pauling assigned values to each element on a scale from 0.7 (for cesium) to 4.0 (for fluorine).

The Mulliken electronegativity, named after Robert Mulliken, is based on the idea that the electronegativity of an atom is related to the energy required to remove an electron from that atom. The greater the energy required, the more electronegative the atom is considered to be. Mulliken assigned values to each element on a scale from 0.7 (for francium) to 3.98 (for fluorine).

While both scales are widely used, the Pauling scale is more commonly used in chemistry, while the Mulliken scale is more commonly used in physics. Additionally, the two scales give slightly different values for some elements. For example, the Pauling electronegativity of oxygen is 3.44, while the Mulliken electronegativity of oxygen is 3.44.