Describe the differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA and RNA differ in their structure, function, and chemical composition.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a double-stranded helix made up of nucleotides containing a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine). It is found in the nucleus of cells and carries genetic information that is passed down from one generation to the next. DNA replication occurs before cell division, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete copy of the genetic code.

RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a single-stranded molecule made up of nucleotides containing a sugar molecule (ribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, uracil, guanine, or cytosine). It is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. There are three types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein. tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into a protein. rRNA makes up the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis.

In summary, DNA is a double-stranded molecule that carries genetic information, while RNA is a single-stranded molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis. DNA contains the nitrogenous base thymine, while RNA contains uracil instead. RNA is also more versatile than DNA, with different types of RNA performing different functions in the cell.