Define halogenoalkanes and provide an example.

Halogenoalkanes are organic compounds containing at least one halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom.

Halogenoalkanes, also known as haloalkanes or alkyl halides, are a group of organic compounds that contain at least one halogen atom (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) bonded to a carbon atom. They are commonly used as solvents, refrigerants, and intermediates in the synthesis of other organic compounds.

The physical and chemical properties of halogenoalkanes depend on the size and nature of the halogen atom, as well as the structure of the carbon chain. Generally, the boiling points of halogenoalkanes increase with increasing size of the halogen atom due to stronger intermolecular forces. They are also less reactive than alkanes due to the electronegativity of the halogen atom, which attracts electrons away from the carbon atom and makes it less reactive.

One example of a halogenoalkane is chloroethane (C2H5Cl), which is used as a solvent and in the production of vinyl chloride, a precursor to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Chloroethane is a colourless, flammable gas with a sweet odour and a boiling point of 12.3°C. It is also used as an anaesthetic and as a refrigerant in some applications. However, it is toxic and can cause damage to the nervous system and liver if ingested or inhaled in large quantities.