What is the difference between an acute and chronic stress response?

An acute stress response is a short-term response to a stressor, while a chronic stress response is long-term.

When an individual experiences a stressful situation, their body responds with an acute stress response. This response is characterised by the release of stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol, which prepare the body for a fight or flight response. The heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, and blood sugar levels are elevated to provide energy to the muscles. This response is designed to be short-lived and is intended to help the individual deal with the stressor.

However, if an individual is exposed to stressors for a prolonged period, they may experience a chronic stress response. This response is characterised by a prolonged release of stress hormones, which can have negative effects on the body. Chronic stress has been linked to a range of health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, and depression. It can also weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.

In conclusion, while both acute and chronic stress responses involve the release of stress hormones, they differ in their duration and effects on the body. Acute stress responses are short-lived and intended to help individuals deal with stressors, while chronic stress responses can have negative effects on health if left unchecked.