How does the mitotic spindle function in cell division?

The mitotic spindle separates chromosomes during cell division by attaching to and pulling them apart.

During cell division, the mitotic spindle is responsible for separating the duplicated chromosomes into two identical sets. The spindle is made up of microtubules, which are long, thin protein fibers that extend from two centrosomes located at opposite ends of the cell. The microtubules attach to the chromosomes at a structure called the kinetochore, which is located at the centromere of each chromosome.

As the cell enters mitosis, the microtubules begin to extend and attach to the kinetochores, pulling the chromosomes towards the centre of the cell. Once all the chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the cell, the microtubules shorten, pulling the chromosomes apart and towards the opposite poles of the cell.

The mitotic spindle also plays a role in cytokinesis, the final stage of cell division. During cytokinesis, a contractile ring made up of actin and myosin filaments forms around the cell, dividing it into two daughter cells. The spindle fibers help to position the contractile ring in the correct location, ensuring that the cell is divided evenly.

Overall, the mitotic spindle is a crucial component of cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. Any errors in spindle function can lead to chromosomal abnormalities and diseases such as cancer.