How does genetic recombination occur during meiosis?

Genetic recombination occurs during meiosis through the process of crossing over.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This occurs during prophase I, when the chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. The paired chromosomes form a tetrad, and sections of the chromosomes can break and exchange places with corresponding sections on the other chromosome. This results in the exchange of genetic material between the homologous chromosomes, creating new combinations of alleles.

The frequency of genetic recombination during meiosis can vary depending on the distance between genes on the chromosome. Genes that are located closer together are less likely to undergo crossing over, while genes that are further apart are more likely to be separated by crossing over. This process of genetic recombination helps to increase genetic diversity within a population, as it creates new combinations of alleles that can be passed down to offspring.

Overall, genetic recombination during meiosis is an important process that contributes to genetic diversity within a population. By creating new combinations of alleles, it allows for the evolution of new traits and adaptations that can help organisms survive and thrive in changing environments.