How does DNA replication function in cell division?

DNA replication is essential for cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

During the S phase of interphase, DNA replication occurs. The double helix of DNA unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This process is catalysed by enzymes, including DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides to the growing strand in a 5' to 3' direction.

Replication proceeds bidirectionally from multiple origins of replication, resulting in two identical DNA molecules. The newly synthesised strands are checked for errors by proofreading mechanisms, ensuring the accuracy of the genetic information.

During mitosis, the replicated chromosomes condense and align at the metaphase plate, ready for separation. The spindle fibres attach to the centromeres and pull the sister chromatids apart, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

In summary, DNA replication is a crucial process in cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information. The process involves the unwinding of the DNA double helix, synthesis of new strands, and proofreading mechanisms to ensure accuracy. The replicated chromosomes are then separated during mitosis, resulting in two identical daughter cells.