How do genetic markers function in conservation genetics?

Genetic markers are used in conservation genetics to identify and track genetic variation within populations.

Conservation genetics is the study of genetic diversity within and between populations of endangered species. Genetic markers are specific regions of DNA that can be used to identify individuals or populations. These markers can be used to assess genetic diversity, relatedness, and population structure. By analysing genetic markers, conservationists can determine the genetic health of a population and identify individuals or populations that are at risk of extinction.

One common type of genetic marker used in conservation genetics is microsatellites. Microsatellites are short, repetitive sequences of DNA that vary in length between individuals. By analysing the length of these sequences, researchers can determine the genetic diversity within a population and track changes over time. Another type of genetic marker is single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs are single base pair changes in DNA that can be used to identify genetic variation between individuals or populations.

Genetic markers are also used to inform conservation management strategies. For example, if a population is found to have low genetic diversity, conservationists may introduce individuals from other populations to increase genetic variation. Alternatively, if a population is found to be genetically distinct, conservationists may focus on protecting that population and its unique genetic characteristics.

In summary, genetic markers are essential tools in conservation genetics. They allow researchers to identify and track genetic variation within populations, assess genetic health, and inform conservation management strategies.