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Astrophysics (A Level Only)9.1 Telescopes0/09.1.1 Optical Telescopes: Design and Function9.1.2 Comparative Analysis of Reflecting and Refracting Telescopes9.1.3 Radio and Other Non-Optical Telescopes9.1.4 Large Diameter Telescopes: Advantages and Limitations9.2 Classification of Stars0/09.2.1 Stellar Magnitudes and Brightness9.2.2 Absolute Magnitude and Distance9.2.3 Temperature Classification and Black-Body Radiation in Stars9.2.4 Stellar Spectral Classification9.2.5 Stellar Evolution and the HR Diagram9.2.6 Supernovae, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes9.3 Cosmology0/09.3.1 The Doppler Effect in Astronomy9.3.2 Hubble's Law and the Expanding Universe9.3.3 Understanding Quasars9.3.4 Exoplanet Detection Methods10. 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Electronics (A Level Only)Premium13.1 Discrete Semiconductor Devices0/013.1.1 MOSFET (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)13.1.2 Zener Diode: In-Depth Study13.1.3 Photodiode13.1.4 Introduction to Hall Effect Sensors13.2 Analogue and Digital Signals0/013.2.1 Understanding Analogue and Digital Signals13.2.2 Analogue-to-Digital Conversion13.2.3 Recovery of Data and Noise Effects13.2.4 Pulse Code Modulation in Electronic Communication13.3 Analogue Signal Processing0/013.3.1 Analogue Signal Processing: LC Resonance Filters13.3.2 Ideal Operational Amplifiers13.4 Operational Amplifier Configurations0/013.4.1 Inverting Amplifier Configuration13.4.2 Non-inverting Amplifier Configuration13.4.3 Summing and Difference Amplifier Configuration13.4.4 Characteristics of Real Operational Amplifiers13.5 Digital Signal Processing0/013.5.1 Digital Signal Processing: Combinational Logic13.5.2 Sequential Logic in Counting Circuits13.5.3 Astables13.6 Data Communication Systems0/013.6.1 Principles of Communication Systems13.6.2 Transmission Media in Data Communication Systems13.6.3 Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)13.6.4 Amplitude (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) Techniques