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AP World History

Study Notes
1.1.1 Song Dynasty and Imperial Bureaucracy
1.1.2 Continuity and Innovation in Governance
1.1.3 Chinese Cultural Traditions in East Asia
1.1.4 Buddhism’s Influence in East Asia
1.1.5 Commercialization of the Song Economy
1.1.6 Innovations in Agriculture and Manufacturing
1.1.7 Trade Networks and Economic Growth
1.2.1 Influence of Systems of Belief on Society
1.2.2 Rise and Fragmentation of the Abbasid Caliphate
1.2.3 Expansion of Muslim Rule
1.2.4 Intellectual Innovations in Dar al-Islam
1.2.5 Cultural and Technological Transfers
1.2.6 Economic and Trade Networks
1.3.1 Influence of Belief Systems in South Asia
1.3.2 Influence of Belief Systems in Southeast Asia
1.3.3 Formation of States in South Asia
1.3.4 Formation of States in Southeast Asia
1.3.5 Economic and Cultural Exchanges
1.3.6 Religious Syncretism and Innovations
1.4.1 Continuity in American States
1.4.2 Innovation in State Systems
1.4.3 Diversity of Political Systems
1.4.4 Expansion of State Power
1.4.5 Socioeconomic and Cultural Impacts
1.5.1 Continuity in African States
1.5.2 Innovations in Governance
1.5.3 Expansion of African States
1.6.1 Religious Beliefs and Practices in Europe
1.6.2 Political Decentralization in Europe
1.6.3 Social Organization and Agriculture
1.6.4 Governance and External Factors
1.7.1 Continuity in State Formation
1.7.2 Innovation in State Formation
1.7.3 Diversity in State Systems
1.7.4 Comparison Across Regions
1.7.5 State Expansion and Influence
2.1.1 Causes of Growth of the Silk Roads
2.1.2 Innovations in Trade and Transportation
2.1.3 Effects of Silk Road Trade Growth
2.1.4 Demand for Luxury Goods
2.2.1 Process of State Building
2.2.2 Decline of the Mongol Empire
2.2.3 Impact on Trade and Communication
2.2.4 Cultural and Technological Transfers
2.2.5 Continuity and Change Under Mongol Rule
2.3.1 Causes of Growth in Indian Ocean Trade
2.3.2 Role of Environmental Factors
2.3.3 Growth of Trading Cities and States
2.3.4 Cultural Interactions in Diasporic Communities
2.3.5 Effects of Trade Network Growth
2.4.1 Causes of Trans-Saharan Trade Growth
2.4.2 Effects of Trans-Saharan Trade Growth
2.4.3 Role of Empires in Trade Expansion
2.4.4 Cultural and Technological Transfers
2.5.1 Diffusion of Literary, Artistic, and Cultural Traditions
2.5.2 Scientific and Technological Innovations
2.5.3 Influence on Urbanization and Cities
2.5.4 Accounts of Travelers and Their Impacts
2.6.1 Diffusion of Crops and Agriculture
2.6.2 Spread of Diseases
2.6.3 Environmental Changes from Trade
2.7.1 Similarities in Economic Exchange
2.7.2 Differences in Economic Exchange
2.7.3 Impact on Production and Trade
2.7.4 Social, Gender, and Environmental Effects
3.1.1 Causes of Imperial Expansion
3.1.2 Major Land-Based Empires
3.1.3 Role of Rivalries and Conflicts
3.2.1 Use of Bureaucratic Elites and Military Professionals
3.2.2 Use of Religious Ideas, Art, and Architecture
3.2.3 Taxation and Revenue Systems
3.3.1 Continuity and Change in Christianity
3.3.2 Sunni and Shi’a Split
3.3.3 Emergence of Sikhism
3.4.1 Methods of Imperial Expansion
3.4.2 Administration of Diverse Populations
3.4.3 Religious and Political Rivalries
3.4.4 Influence of Syncretism and Religion
4.1.1 Diffusion of Knowledge and Technology
4.1.2 Maritime Technology and Ship Design
4.1.3 Navigational Tools and Environmental Knowledge
4.1.4 Impacts on Trade and Travel
4.2.1 Role of States in Maritime Exploration
4.2.2 Economic Causes of Exploration
4.2.3 Key Events in Portuguese Exploration
4.2.4 Spanish Exploration and Its Impacts
4.2.5 Northern European Exploration
4.3.1 Causes of the Columbian Exchange
4.3.2 Disease Exchange and Impacts
4.3.3 Exchange of Plants and Animals
4.3.4 Effects on Labor Systems and Economies
4.3.5 Nutritional and Demographic Changes
4.4.1 European Trading Posts in Africa and Asia
4.4.2 Growth of Maritime Empires
4.4.3 Impact of Maritime Trade on African States
4.4.4 Continuities and Changes in Indian Ocean Trade
4.4.5 Labor Systems in the Americas
4.4.6 Systems of Slavery and Their Evolution
4.5.1 Economic Strategies for Power Consolidation
4.5.2 Economic Rivalries and Conflicts
4.5.3 Atlantic Trading System
4.5.4 Continuities and Changes in Labor Systems
4.5.5 Social and Cultural Impacts of Maritime Trade
4.6.1 Local Resistance to State Expansion
4.6.2 Enslaved Persons’ Resistance in the Americas
4.6.3 Broader Impacts of Resistance Movements
4.7.1 Accommodating Diversity in States
4.7.2 Formation of New Political and Economic Elites
4.7.3 Challenges to Existing Elites
4.8.1 Transformation of Global Trade Networks
4.8.2 Labor Systems and Agricultural Practices
4.8.3 Social Structures and Cultural Transformations
4.8.4 Environmental and Technological Impacts
4.8.5 Rivalries and Conflicts Driven by Economic Developments
5.1.1 Intellectual Context of the Enlightenment
5.1.2 Political Ideas of the Enlightenment
5.1.3 Influence of Enlightenment on Social Change
5.1.4 Impact of Enlightenment on Religion
5.1.5 Nationalism and its Rise
5.2.1 Causes of Revolutionary Movements
5.2.2 Key Revolutionary Movements
5.2.3 Nationalism and the Formation of New States
5.2.4 Revolutionary Ideologies and Governance
5.2.5 Effects of Revolutionary Movements
5.3.1 Environmental Factors Driving Industrialization
5.3.2 Economic and Agricultural Foundations
5.3.3 Emergence of the Factory System
5.3.4 Geographic Distribution of Industrialization
5.5.1 Fossil Fuels and Energy Revolution
5.5.2 The First Industrial Revolution
5.5.3 The Second Industrial Revolution
5.5.4 Global Transportation and Communication
5.6.1 State-Sponsored Industrialization
5.6.2 Industrialization in the Meiji Era
5.6.3 Effects of Industrialization on Global Power Dynamics
5.7.1 Transition from Mercantilism to Free Trade
5.7.2 Rise of Industrial Capitalism
5.7.3 Innovations in Banking and Finance
5.7.4 Economic Impacts of Global Trade
5.8.1 Labor Movements and Worker Organizations
5.8.2 Ideological Reactions to Industrialization
5.8.3 Government Reforms and Modernization Efforts
5.8.4 Urban and Social Reforms
5.9.1 Emergence of New Social Classes
5.9.2 Changing Roles of Women and Children
5.9.3 Urbanization and Its Challenges
5.9.4 Standards of Living in the Industrial Age
5.10.1 Changes in Production and Consumer Goods
5.10.2 Transportation and Communication Advances
5.10.3 Political Transformations and Revolutions
5.10.4 Social Continuity and Change
5.10.5 Intellectual and Ideological Changes
6.1.1 Ideological Justifications for Imperialism
6.1.2 Religious Motives and Their Role
6.2.1 Consolidation of Colonial Power
6.2.2 Territorial Expansion in Asia and the Pacific
6.2.3 Expansion in Africa through Warfare and Diplomacy
6.2.4 Settler Colonies in Empires
6.2.5 Territorial Expansion by Non-European States
6.3.1 Anticolonial Movements and Nationalism
6.3.2 Forms of Anti-Imperial Resistance
6.3.3 Rebellions Influenced by Religious Ideas
6.4.1 Role of Environmental Resources in Export Economies
6.4.2 Food Production and Urbanization
6.4.3 Global Trade of Finished Goods
6.5.1 Economic Imperialism in Asia
6.5.2 Economic Imperialism in Latin America
6.5.3 Trade in Key Commodities
6.6.1 Environmental Factors Influencing Migration
6.6.2 Role of Transportation in Migration Patterns
6.6.3 Economic Factors Driving Migration
6.6.4 Coerced and Semicoerced Labor Migration
6.7.1 Gender and Social Roles in Home Societies
6.7.2 Formation of Ethnic Enclaves
6.7.3 Responses of Receiving Societies
6.8.1 Economic Impacts of Imperialism
6.8.2 Political and Social Changes
6.8.3 Migration Patterns and Labor Systems
6.8.4 Cultural and Ideological Effects of Imperialism
7.1.1 Decline of Land-Based Empires
7.1.2 Rise of Revolutionary Movements
7.1.3 Challenges to Political and Social Orders
7.2.1 Imperialist Competition
7.2.2 Nationalism and Regional Conflicts
7.2.3 Alliance System
7.3.1 Total War and Government Mobilization
7.3.2 Military Technology and Its Consequences
7.4.1 Government Responses to Economic Crises
7.4.2 State-Controlled Economies: Soviet Union
7.5.1 Continuities in Territorial Holdings
7.5.2 Anti-Imperial Resistance
7.6.1 Treaty of Versailles and Economic Instability
7.6.2 Rise of Totalitarian Regimes
7.6.3 Immediate Triggers to War
7.7.1 Mobilization for Total War
7.7.2 Role of Totalitarian States
7.7.3 Advances in Military Technology and Tactics
7.8.1 Causes of Mass Atrocities
7.8.2 Examples of Mass Atrocities
7.8.3 Consequences of Mass Atrocities
7.9.1 Causes of Global Conflict
7.9.2 Role of Empire Collapse
7.9.3 Challenges to Political and Social Order
7.9.4 Technological Advancements and Their Impact
8.1.1 Post-World War I Hopes for Self-Government
8.1.2 Impact of World War II on Global Power Dynamics
8.1.3 Increasing Anti-Imperialist Sentiment
8.1.4 Restructuring of States Post-WWII
8.2.1 Causes of the Cold War
8.2.2 Effects of the Cold War
8.2.3 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
8.3.1 Formation of Military Alliances
8.3.2 Nuclear Proliferation
8.3.3 Proxy Wars in Postcolonial States
8.4.1 Causes of China’s Communist Revolution
8.4.2 Consequences of China’s Communist Rule
8.4.3 Global Spread of Communism
8.4.4 Movements for Resource Redistribution
8.5.1 Nationalist Movements in Asia and Africa
8.5.2 Paths to Independence: Negotiation vs. Armed Struggle
8.5.3 Regional, Religious, and Ethnic Movements
8.5.4 Post-Independence Challenges
8.6.1 Creation of New States After Decolonization
8.6.2 Conflicts and Population Displacements
8.6.3 Economic Policies of Newly Independent States
8.6.4 Migration to Imperial Metropoles
8.7.1 Nonviolent Movements for Political Change
8.7.2 Militarized Responses to Conflict
8.7.3 Violent Movements for Political Aims
8.7.4 Reactions Against Wars and Conflicts
8.8.1 Key Factors Leading to the End of the Cold War
8.8.2 Internal Pressures in Communist States
8.8.3 Global Consequences of the Cold War's End
8.9.1 Challenges to Existing Political and Social Orders
8.9.2 Effects of the Cold War Across Hemispheres
8.9.3 Restructuring States Through Decolonization
8.9.4 Economic and Social Responses to Cold War Challenges
9.1.1 Communication and Transportation Technologies
9.1.2 Energy Technologies
9.1.3 Medical Innovations
9.1.4 The Green Revolution
9.1.5 Birth Control and Reproductive Practices
9.2.1 Diseases Associated with Poverty
9.2.2 Emergence of Epidemics
9.2.3 Increased Longevity and New Health Challenges
9.3.1 Causes of Environmental Changes
9.3.2 Effects of Environmental Changes
9.3.3 Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases
9.4.1 Continuities in the Global Economy
9.4.2 Changes in Global Economic Policies
9.4.3 Technological Transformations
9.4.4 Economic Institutions and Agreements
9.5.1 Rights-Based Discourses
9.5.2 Expanding Access to Education and Roles
9.5.3 Environmental and Economic Justice Movements
9.6.1 Influence of Political and Social Changes on the Arts
9.6.2 Globalization of Popular and Consumer Culture
9.6.3 Transcending National Borders in Consumer Culture
9.7.1 Cultural Resistance to Globalization
9.7.2 Economic Critiques and Anti-Globalization Movements
9.7.3 Political Responses to Globalization
9.8.1 Formation and Purpose of New International Organizations
9.8.2 Regional Organizations and Their Impact
9.8.3 Challenges to International Cooperation
9.9.1 Advances in Science and Technology
9.9.2 Impact of Energy and Agriculture
9.9.3 Medical Innovations and Population Trends
9.9.4 Social and Economic Responses to Challenges
9.9.5 Globalization of Culture and Consumerism

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